There are-few situations where discharges of ammonia are planned. An exception might be where a plant is being decommissioned or reduced in size. Even when…

The third method of disposing of ammonia discharges is by flaring or burning the ammonia. This method is particularly applicable when the release to be…

Another concept for handling discharges of ammonia from a refrigeration system is to absorb the ammonia in water. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15–94has traditionally listed the discharge…

In the routine operation of the plant there should be no discharge to atmosphere. In well-maintained plants, it is not possible for a visitor to…

Both for reasons of safety and to prevent interruption of refrigeration service, it is important to sense leaks of refrigerant. Since halocarbons are odorless, sensors…

Fires in refrigerated structures are rare, but they do occur and can be costly. The major loss associated with a fire may be the product,…

Questions that arise and decisions that must be made with respect to relief devices include the following: Where must a relief device be installed? Which…

Several technical specifications13 that result in safer ammonia piping are the following: • Use A106B or A53B pipe for low-temperature service. Some engineers also specify…

Accidents sometimes occur when draining oil in an ammonia system. What can happen is that the operator cracks the shutoff valve, shown in Fig. 13.6,…

Another critical time when there is danger of liquid hammer is upon termination of defrost. Near the end of the hot-gas defrost the pressure in…